Zwick uses The Last Samurai to represent the old world of America and new Japan effect transition. At start movie Algren is seen drunk before having sell a batch guns representative how contains horrors his past. use mise en scene with being placed in middle illustrates lonely he world. diegetic sound American national anthem can be heard while drunk reflects disturbed damaged mental state from seeing fighting Native Indians. brutality symbolic its nature barbaric. where decides wear traditional hakama symbolically representing transition between two worlds. hakama has brown earthy colour palette symbolise Algren’s shift by demonstrating that at one surroundings discarded chaotic self. samurai’s win against imperial army triumphing over expertly depicts was instrumental.